The Caucasus is a rugged, geographically isolated area between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, home to numerous distinct linguistic and cultural groups like Georgians, Armenians, Chechens, and many others.

Historically, the Caucasian peoples have fiercely defended their autonomy and identities, despite periods of foreign domination by larger empires. Caucasian cultures are characterized by a shared mountain pastoral lifestyle, intricate artistic traditions, and a mix of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Shia Islam, and ancient pagan beliefs. Caucasian nationalism and movements for greater autonomy have grown more prominent in recent decades, leading to heightened tensions in the strategically important region.